{"id":651170,"date":"2014-05-01T09:57:16","date_gmt":"2014-05-01T01:57:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lidaitao.com\/blog\/?p=651170"},"modified":"2014-05-01T09:57:16","modified_gmt":"2014-05-01T01:57:16","slug":"jonathan-rosen-the-birds-chinese-translation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lichaohua.com\/works\/archives\/651170","title":{"rendered":"\u90a3\u4e9b\u9e1f\u513f\uff1a\u65c5\u9e3d\u8d70\u5411\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u6545\u4e8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u90a3\u4e9b\u9e1f\u513f\uff1a\u65c5\u9e3d\u8d70\u5411\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a[\u7f8e\u56fd]<a title=\"Search : The New Yorker\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/bios\/jonathan_rosen\/search?contributorName=jonathan%20rosen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u8bd1\u8005\uff1a<a title=\"\u674e\u4ee3\u6843\u7ffb\u8bd1\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lidaitao.com\/blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u674e\u4ee3\u6843<\/a><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 465px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/images\/2014\/01\/06\/p465\/140106_r24450_p465.jpg\" alt=\"Painted by Walton Ford\" width=\"465\" height=\"228\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe\u50cf\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aWalton Ford\/ \u7248\u6743\uff1aThe New Yorker<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u660e\u5929\u4e00\u5927\u65e9\u9192\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eb2\u5207\u7684\u91ce\u9e3d\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e3a\u201c\u539f\u9e3d\u201d\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u8bf4\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u80fd\u98de\u7684\u8017\u5b50\u201d\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u7a97\u53f0\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u5723\u9a6c\u53ef\u5e7f\u573a\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u62c9\u6cd5\u52a0\u5e7f\u573a\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u62f1\u95e8\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u56ed\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u884c\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u5c4b\u9876\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eb2\u5207\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u800c\u4f24\u5fc3\u5417\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u53bb\u62d4\u6389\u7a7a\u8c03\u7684\u9a71\u9e1f\u5668\uff0c\u597d\u597d\u5e86\u795d\u4e00\u756a\uff1f\u4f60\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u4eec\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e1f\u513f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u3001\u9e3d\u6d41\u611f\u800c\u4e27\u547d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u6d88\u5931\u5427\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u7f6a\u6076\u611f\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u730e\u6740\u800c\u706d\u7edd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u4e8e\u9053\u4e49\u611f\uff0c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u80fd\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u91cd\u8fd4\u4eba\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5728\u8bfb\u4e54\u5c14\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u65b0\u4e66\u300a\u5929\u7a7a\u6d41\u8fc7\u4e71\u7fbd\u6cb3\uff1a\u65c5\u9e3d\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\u300b\uff08A Feathered River Across the Sky: The Passenger Pigeon\u2019s Flight to Extinction\uff09\uff08\u5e03\u5362\u59c6\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff09\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u66fe\u7ecf\u8fd1\u4e4e\u94fa\u5929\u76d6\u5730\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6d88\u5931\u65e0\u8e2a\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6709\u590d\u6d3b\u79d1\u5b66\u602a\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u9e3d\u5b50\u590d\u6d3b\u68a6\u3002\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b66\u540d\u4e3aEctopistes migratorius\u7684\u5317\u7f8e\u91ce\u9e3d\u5982\u540c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u91cc\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u53bb\u91cd\u6e38\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u5de8\u9e1f\u561f\u561f\u9e1f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u88ab\u5927\u4f17\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u5df2\u706d\u7edd\u9e1f\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u5173\u4e8e\u9e1f\u7c7b\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65c5\u9e3d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u7fbd\u6bdb\u7684\u989c\u8272\u800c\u88ab\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u84dd\u9e3d\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u84dd\u8272\u4f1a\u5939\u6742\u7740\u7070\u8272\u3001\u7ea2\u8272\u3001\u94dc\u8272\u548c\u68d5\u8272\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u8fdc\u4eb2\u4fe1\u9e3d\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\uff0c\u4fe1\u9e3d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u526f\u620e\u88c5\u6253\u626e\u7684\u5bb6\u517b\u77f3\u9e3d\u3002\u77f3\u9e3d\u54c1\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u5728\u516d\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u5f00\u59cb\u9a6f\u517b\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u6709\u91ce\u751f\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u88ab\u5e26\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u6cbf\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9e3d\u7fa4\u3002\u800c\u65c5\u9e3d\u5219\u662f\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u571f\u8457\u9e1f\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u66fe\u98de\u8d8a\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u6570\u4ee5\u5341\u4ebf\u82f1\u4ea9\u8ba1\u7684\u5927\u5730\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u53ef\u98df\u7684\u575a\u679c\u6811\u679c\u5b9e\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6765\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u65e9\u5df2\u548c\u7f8e\u6d32\u91ce\u725b\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u7740\uff1b\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u65e9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u8fce\u63a5\u4ece\u767d\u4ee4\u9646\u6865\u8fc1\u5f99\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u571f\u8457\u5c45\u6c11\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u7247\u6d01\u51c0\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6811\u6728\u5728\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u548c\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u5230\u5904\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u65c5\u9e3d\u5728\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u7e41\u884d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65c5\u9e3d\u4e5f\u66fe\u662f\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u7684\u9e1f\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u96be\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u30021813\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u00b7\u5965\u675c\u90a6\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u4e00\u7247\u9e3d\u7fa4\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u80fd\u5982\u6b64\u79f0\u547c\u90a3\u7fa4\u62e5\u6324\u5f97\u5bc6\u5bc6\u5b9e\u5b9e\u7684\u9e3d\u5b50\u5427\uff0c\u4ee5\u65f6\u901f\u516d\u5341\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u98de\u8fc7\uff0c\u906e\u5929\u853d\u65e5\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7a81\u524d\u54e8\u5175\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u6765\u7684\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u4e09\u5929\u624d\u5b8c\u5168\u98de\u8d8a\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u961f\u4f0d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4f4d\u9e1f\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u7247\u9e3d\u7fa4\u4f5c\u4e86\u6d4b\u7b97\uff0c\u591a\u8fbe2,230,272,000\u53ea\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u4f5c\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5427\uff0c\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u91ce\u9e3d\u5b50\u5168\u90e8\u4ec5\u5269\u4e0b\u4e24\u5343\u516d\u767e\u4e07\u53ea\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u4e4b\u5904\u4e86\u5427\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u73b0\u4eca\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5168\u90e8\u91ce\u9e3d\u5b50\u7684<strong>\u516b\u500d<\/strong>\u4e4b\u6570\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4ece\u4f60\u7684\u5934\u4e0a\u98de\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u602a\u4e0d\u5f97\uff0c\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u603b\u4f1a\u7528\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5723\u7ecf\u5f0f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u542f\u793a\u5f55\u5f0f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u9e3d\u7fa4\u30021855\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u5e02\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u98de\u8fc7\u4e00\u6ce2\u9e3d\u7fa4\uff0c\u6709\u76ee\u51fb\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><em>\u89c2\u9e1f\u4eba\u76ef\u7740\u9e1f\u7fa4\uff0c\u90a3\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6742\u97f3\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u8e81\u52a8\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u4ece\u623f\u5b50\u548c\u5546\u5e97\u91cc\u8dd1\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5730\u770b\u7740\u8fd9\u7247\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u539a\u7684\u4e91\u5c42\uff0c\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u906e\u6321\u4e86\u9633\u5149\u3002\u5c16\u53eb\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5f80\u5bb6\u91cc\u8dd1\u3002\u62c9\u8d77\u957f\u88d9\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u4eec\u614c\u5fd9\u5730\u5bfb\u627e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8eb2\u907f\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u30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style=\"width: 432px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www-tc.pbs.org\/art21\/files\/images\/ford-paint-007.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"432\" height=\"447\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;\u6811\u5e72\u5760\u843d&#8221; 2002\u5e74 \u4f5c\u8005\uff1aWalton Ford<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65c5\u9e3d\u7684\u738b\u671d\u53ea\u662f\u5047\u8c61\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u5b69\u7528\u4e00\u628a\u5341\u4e8c\u53f7\u53e3\u5f84\u7684\u624b\u67aa\u5c04\u6740\u4e86\u4e00\u53ea\u65c5\u9e3d\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53ea\u91ce\u751f\u79cd\u3002\uff08\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u4e00\u53ea\u6837\u672c\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u57281902\u5e74\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\uff09\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u5708\u517b\u7684\u65c5\u9e3d\u4ecd\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8f9b\u8f9b\u90a3\u63d0\u52a8\u7269\u56ed\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u5bf9\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5efa\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u534e\u76db\u987f\u53ca\u5176\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u2014\u2014\u4e54\u6cbb\u548c\u9a6c\u838e\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6f2b\u5929\u98de\u7fbd\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u9a6c\u838e\u6d3b\u8fc7\u4e861910\u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u53ea\u9e3d\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u547d\u8fd0\u592a\u6c89\u91cd\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u66fe\u7ecf\u548c\u5965\u675c\u90a6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u201c\u5728\u5927\u6d77\u8fdc\u5904\u6d8c\u6765\u7684\u5f3a\u98ce\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u8258\u6536\u5e06\u7684\u8239\u53ea\u7684\u7ef3\u7d22\u8239\u5177\u95f4\u522e\u8fc7\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5f80\u540e\u7684\u56db\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u9a6c\u838e\u8315\u8315\u5b51\u7acb\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a8\u7269\u56ed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ed\u95e8\u666f\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u5f88\u5c11\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6709\u6e38\u5ba2\u5f80\u5979\u8eab\u4e0a\u6254\u7802\u5b50\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u75281000\u7f8e\u91d1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bfb\u627e\u9a6c\u838e\u7684\u65b0\u914d\u5076\u7684\u5956\u91d1\uff0c\u4f46\u57281914\u5e749\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u540e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u53ea\u65c5\u9e3d\u79bb\u6211\u4eec\u800c\u53bb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u8fc7\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u60f3\u50cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u662f\u5728\u516d\u6708\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u4e8c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53ea\u96f7\u514b\u65af\u66b4\u9f99\u8f70\u7136\u5012\u5730\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u7eb8\u8ffd\u8e2a\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u9a6c\u838e\u88ab\u51b7\u85cf\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u91cd\u8fbe\u4e09\u767e\u9551\u7684\u51b0\u5757\u5185\uff0c\u7528\u706b\u8f66\u4ece\u8f9b\u8f9b\u90a3\u63d0\u8fd0\u5f80\u9996\u90fd\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u5265\u5f00\u76ae\u540e\u586b\u5145\u6210\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u5728\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5c55\u51fa\uff0c\u5524\u9192\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d1f\u7f6a\u611f\uff0c\u53bb\u53cd\u7701\u5728\u6bc1\u706d\u65c5\u9e3d\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u6816\u606f\u5730\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>*** 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style=\"width: 194px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Martha,_a_Passenger_Pigeon.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3d\/Martha%2C_a_Passenger_Pigeon.jpg\" alt=\"Martha, a Passenger Pigeon\" width=\"194\" height=\"242\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5728\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u9a6c\u838e\/\u56fe\u50cf\u7248\u6743: Wikipedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u585e\u7eb3\u5361\u65cf\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e1f\u513f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u9762\u5305\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u6d41\u4f20\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e00\u53ea\u8fdc\u53e4\u7684\u767d\u9e3d\u901a\u77e5\u4e00\u4f4d\u6218\u58eb\uff0c\u65c5\u9e3d\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u4e3a\u8d60\u4e88\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u793c\u7269\u3002\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u7f8e\u6d32\u571f\u8457\u6700\u521d\u8fd8\u662f\u6301\u7740\u6709\u8282\u5236\u7684\u5b88\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u7834\u574f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b88\u5219\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u8361\u7136\u65e0\u5b58\u4e86\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u4e60\u6027\u7684\u4f7f\u7136\u5427\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u603b\u4f1a\u628a\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u6b86\u5c3d\u3002\u53e4\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u628a\u5305\u62ec\u731b\u72b8\u8c61\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5de8\u578b\u52a8\u7269\u6355\u6740\u6b86\u5c3d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u98de\u7fd4\u7684\u6050\u9e1f\u88ab\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u5c9b\u7684\u6bdb\u5229\u4eba\u5403\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5149\uff0c\u53f2\u524d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5c9b\u6c11\u66f4\u662f\u706d\u7edd\u6389\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7\u5343\u79cd\u7684\u9e1f\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u6d32\u571f\u8457\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u65c5\u9e3d\u7fa4\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u578b\u7684\u65c5\u9e3d\u6816\u606f\u5730\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5174\u594b\u5f97\u5982\u540c\u8fc7\u8282\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u5206\u914d\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u5c04\u6740\uff0c\u628a\u96cf\u9e1f\u6345\u4e0b\u9e1f\u5de2\uff0c\u8ffd\u4e0a\u98de\u4e0d\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u65c5\u9e3d\uff0c\u628a\u6b7b\u6389\u7684\u9e1f\u513f\u6536\u62fe\u597d\uff0c\u6d78\u6d17\u3001\u76d0\u814c\u3001\u70e7\u70e4\u6216\u716e\u719f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u72e9\u730e\u6545\u4e8b\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5938\u5927\u5176\u8f9e\uff0c\u4ee4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e1f\u513f\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e86\u795e\u5947\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u7537\u5b69\u5b50\u628a\u6838\u6843\u6811\u5e72\u5236\u6210\u957f\u68cd\uff0c\u5728\u68cd\u5934\u7ed1\u597d\u7ef3\u5b50\uff0c\u63d2\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u518d\u62c9\u52a8\u7ef3\u5b50\u653e\u5f00\uff0c\u5f39\u56de\u7684\u957f\u68cd\u5c31\u80fd\u628a\u9e1f\u513f\u51fb\u5012\u5230\u5730\u9762\u3002\u9e1f\u513f\u4eec\u5728\u6811\u6728\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b51\u5de2\u3002\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u66fe\u6709\u4eba\u5f80\u5176\u6816\u606f\u5730\u5f15\u706b\uff0c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u8fc7\u6765\u6536\u62fe\u70e7\u7126\u7684\u6b7b\u9e3d\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u98df\u7528\u6216\u5356\u6389\u201d\uff0c\u70e7\u6b7b\u7684\u9e3d\u5b50\u5806\u79ef\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u4e24\u82f1\u5c3a\u4e4b\u539a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u730e\u6740\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u9e3d\u5b50\u628a\u9e3d\u7fa4\u5f15\u5165\u6355\u7f51\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u8bf1\u9e3d\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u6765\u5386\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7528\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u4ea4\u5f85\u6216\u5f15\u51fa\u540c\u4f19\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u5bf9\u8bf1\u9e3d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u540e\u6765\u201c\u5c04\u9e3d\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u6d3b\u9e3d\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5c04\u9e3d\u662f\u8ba9\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u7784\u51c6\u51fb\u6740\u88ab\u540c\u65f6\u653e\u98de\u7684\u6d3b\u9e3d\u5b50\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u5c04\u6740\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9e3d\u5b50\u6b7b\u6389\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u91cf\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u9e3d\u5b50\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u8fd0\u52a8\u5c31\u8f6c\u4e3a\u201c\u591a\u5411\u98de\u9776\u5c04\u51fb\u201d\uff0c\u98de\u9776\u7684\u6635\u79f0\u662f\u201c\u571f\u9e3d\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d5b\u89c4\u5219\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u5145\u6ee1\u4e61\u6751\u6c14\u606f\uff0c\u94c1\u8def\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u722c\u5230\u7f55\u65e0\u4eba\u70df\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6355\u730e\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u524a\u5f31\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u65c5\u9e3d\u79cd\u7fa4\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u8d77\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u7535\u62a5\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u65c5\u9e3d\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u7b51\u5de2\uff0c\u88ab\u706b\u8f66\u5feb\u901f\u8fd0\u9001\u81f3\u67d0\u5730\uff0c\u6355\u730e\u5230\u7684\u65c5\u9e3d\u88ab\u5356\u7ed9\u6570\u767e\u516c\u91cc\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u730e\u4eba\u8d29\u5b50\u4eec\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u730e\u9e1f\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6570\u4ee5\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u65c5\u9e3d\u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style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/longnow.org\/revive\/what-we-do\/passenger-pigeon\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/d1hkwj6qq9t78x.cloudfront.net\/revive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/Ben_Novak_Martha.jpg\" alt=\"Ben Novak studying Martha, the last passenger pigeon in the world (left). She died on September 1, 1914, at the Cincinnati Zoo. She was preserved in ice and sent to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC, where she is occasionally displayed with a male (on right). Note the red eye, iridescent neck feathers, red feet, and (in the male) peach-colored breast and blueish back. Photo credit Ryan Phelan.\" width=\"310\" height=\"448\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u590d\u6d3b\u4e0e\u4fee\u590d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u672c\u00b7\u8bfa\u534e\u514b\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u65c5\u9e3d\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u5de6\u4e00\u4e3a\u9a6c\u838e\u3002\u56fe\u50cf\u7248\u6743\uff1aRyan Phelan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u300a\u4e71\u7fbd\u6cb3\u300b\u5728\u9644\u5f55\u91cc\u7528\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u53cd\u9006\u706d\u7edd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u53d1\u95ee\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u7c7b<strong>\u60f3\u8981<\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u9e1f\u7c7b\u5f52\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6816\u606f\u5730\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\uff0c\u4f55\u51b5\u5b83\u66fe\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u50cf\u8757\u866b\u7fa4\u4e00\u6837\u88ad\u51fb\u3001\u6bc1\u574f\u8fc7\u835e\u9ea6\u7530\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e1f\u513f\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u59a8\u788d\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9053\u5177\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u5229\u7528\u65c5\u9e3d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7ea0\u6b63\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5371\u673a\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e1f\u513f\u7684\u4e60\u6027\u662f\u5403\u5149\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u63a5\u7ba1\u5927\u5730\u548c\u5929\u7a7a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5982\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4fbf\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8870\u9000\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8870\u9000\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb2\uff0c\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u662f\u65c5\u9e3d\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u7136\u800c\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u96be\u4ee5\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u730e\u6740\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u65c5\u9e3d\u7684\u706d\u4ea1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7b97\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u7559\u5b58\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u7559\u5728\u4e86\u786c\u5e01\u56fe\u6848\u4e0a\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5929\u8d4b\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u610f\u8bc6\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e24\u9879\u8bc1\u636e\u2014\u2014\u7ec8\u80fd\u7ed3\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ef\u6551\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\u6740\u5bb3\u7f6a\uff0c\u5e73\u5b9e\u7684\u7528\u8bed\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a9\u76d6\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5f92\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u80af\u5bb9\u5fcd\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5730\u540d\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6a21\u7cca\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5982\u540c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u70b8\u6389\u4e86\u3001\u8e29\u8e0f\u8fc7\u3001\u5403\u6389\u4e86\uff08\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff09\u5168\u90e8\u65c5\u9e3d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u590d\u6742\u539f\u56e0\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u573a\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u201c\u65c5\u9e3d\u7adf\u7136\u706d\u7edd\u4e86\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u53ef\u803b\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u5982\u6b64\u5632\u5f041808\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u7bc7\u56de\u5fc6\u201c\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u201d\u730e\u9e1f\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5973\u4f5c\u8005\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e94\u5341\u4ebf\u53ea\u65c5\u9e3d\uff0c\u201c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5b50\u5b59\u4eec\u518d\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u5411\u9e3d\u7fa4\u7784\u51c6\u5f00\u706b\u65f6\u90a3\u79cd\u5982\u540c\u5438\u6bd2\u7684\u5feb\u611f\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u91cc\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u65c5\u9e3d\u5728\u7530\u91ce\u3001\u6811\u4e0a\u548c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u751f\u5b58\uff1b\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u5316\u519c\u573a\u7ecf\u8425\u548c\u8d85\u5e02\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e61\u6751\u767e\u59d3\u72e9\u730e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u679c\u8179\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u517b\u9e21\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c31\u6740\u6389\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e03\u5341\u4ebf\u53ea\u9e1f\u513f\u2014\u2014\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u65c5\u9e3d\u5728\u5176\u5dc5\u5cf0\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u6355\u9e1f\u6d3b\u52a8\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u5047\u8bbe\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u6709\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u4e86\uf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